Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are increasingly becoming an integral part of educational settings and daily life even in resource-constrained environments. At the same time, the significant global gendered digital divide remains a pressing barrier to equity, both now and in the future. Studies repeatedly show that women and girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face substantial gaps in access to technology. Yet, the gendered digital divide extends far beyond access: in many communities across the world, societal norms place technology in the domain of men and boys and biases lead girls to underestimate their abilities in these fields, further discouraging participation in STEM, ICT and AI education. Persistent gaps in access to education and technology mean that, without deliberate action, AI could deepen gender inequities rather than bridge them.
Given this context, teachers have an opportunity to play a critical role in addressing these inequities, yet many are under-resourced and lack the training to implement gender-transformative ICT and AI practices. Despite these challenges, teachers have immense potential to drive change. This guide highlights examples of educators who have successfully fostered inclusive, gender-transformative learning environments, thereby providing practical tools and strategies to empower teachers to make a measurable impact in closing the gender divide in ICT and AI education.
This guide is informed by a comprehensive literature review, insights from interviews with educators and technology experts, and case studies from 10 different countries: Egypt, Ghana, India, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. These case studies sought to contextualize the approach of this guide and reflect the real-world experiences and challenges faced by educators in the Global South.
Structure of the Guide
This guide is structured into four parts to provide a comprehensive and practical approach to fostering gender responsiveness in ICT and AI within secondary and TVET education.
- The first part presents a literature review highlighting global research on gender disparities in ICT and AI, with a focus on the Global South, as well as contextual and policy insights.
- The second part offers evidence-based observations on challenges and opportunities for supporting gender equity in classrooms, focusing on access to technology, bias in AI systems and teacher preparedness.
- The third part serves as a practical guide, providing educators and administrators with actionable strategies to create inclusive and gender-transformative learning environments.
- The final part showcases case studies from South-East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa, offering real-world examples and contextual insights to support the adoption of equitable practices in the Global South.
The guide is designed to inspire and equip educators with the knowledge and resources to foster gender responsiveness through ICT and AI, to help ensure all learners have the opportunity to thrive in an increasingly digital world.