This publication is the third in a series of briefs by UNESCO IITE dedicated to education for health, well-being, and personality development. It was prepared as part of international initiative Empowering through Education for Health and Well-being in a Learning Environment that Fosters Personality Development, which aims to advance teachers’ professional development. The initiative is implemented jointly by UNESCO IITE and the Investment in the Future Charitable Foundation.The brief examines the factors that influence adolescents’ psychological health, well-being, identity formation, and career self-determination. It highlights the importance of adolescents’ personality potential – particularly their capacity for self-definition and informed choice – as an internal resource for navigating the challenges of growing up. The brief also presents practices and programmes that support educational institutions, adolescents, and families during this challenging period of personality development and transition to adulthood.